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Jacob Jorne'
Professor
Ph.D. 1972, University of California (Berkeley)
201B Gavett Hall
(585)275-4584
jorne@che.rochester.edu
Courses
ChE 150:
Green Engineering for a Sustainable Environment
ChE 250: Separation Processes
CHE258/458
Electrochemical Engineering and Fuel Cells
ChE 279: Chemical Engineering Practice
Animation
of Hydrogen PEM Fuel Cell
"Hydrogen
Cell Technology can Recharge Job Market"
Democrat and Chronicle Article:
Oct. 7, 2003
Art by Jorne'
Curriculum Vitae
Jorne articles in Financial
Times
Research
Research Topics: Electrochemical Engineering:
Fuel cells.
Microelectronics Processing: Copper interconnect, electrodeposition.
Theoretical Biology: Diffusion in ecosystems
Electrochemistry. Electrochemistry has been fascinating
to me since my earliest studies of chemistry in high school. It
is unique among the various fields of chemistry for several reasons.
All chemistries involve charge transfer accompanied by simultaneous
oxidation and reduction. In electrochemistry, however, the oxidation
and reduction sites are spatially removed from each other. In order
to comply with the strict requirement of electro-neutrality, the
overall chemical reaction is completed by the flow of charge between
the two sites. This manifests itself in the flow of an electrical
current in an external circuit connecting the oxidation site (anode)
to the reduction site (cathode). Consequently, electrochemistry
allows you to easily control the rate of a chemical reaction by
varying the resistance of the external circuit. Electrochemical
reactions can be carried out over a wide range of speeds, varying
from a thermodynamically reversible condition of extremely low rates,
to high rates where mass transfer, to and from the electrodes, controls
the overall reaction time.
Energy Conversion and Storage. Another unique
and attractive feature of electrochemistry is its ability to convert
and store energy without the limitation of a Carnot efficiency.
Electrochemistry allows the conversion of chemical energy directly
into electrical energy with a theoretical efficiency of 100 percent,
while thermal processes, even under reversible conditions are limited
to low efficiencies by the second law of thermodynamics. Fuel cells
and batteries are devices that use electrochemical processes to
convert chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa. Currently,
great efforts are being made to develop high-energy batteries and
fuel cells to replace the heavy lead-acid battery for the development
of electric cars. Due to the depleting resources of fossil oil and
the increasing problems of urban air pollution, electric cars are
the only solution in the near future. However, in order for the
electric car to be a viable alternative to the internal combustion
engine, its range (in miles per charge) and its power density (in
KW/Kg) must be increased dramatically. This can be achieved by replacing
the heavy lead by a light and highly energetic metal such as lithium.
Lithium-ion batteries are being investigated and developed for electric
cars and other mobile applications.
Fuel Cells. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices
that efficiently produce electricity and heat by converting hydrogen
and oxygen (from air) into water. This is in contrast to conventional
combustion processes in which only heat, a degraded form of energy,
is produced. We are currently collaborating with General Motors
Fuel Cells Activities Center, located nearby in Honeoye Falls, on
the development of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell for transportation.
Copper Interconnect. Electrochemistry also plays
an important role in microelectronics. The applications of electrochemistry
in microelectronics and nano-technology are the focal areas of my
research. We are currently engaged in developing novel electrodeposition
processes for copper metallization of on-chip interconnect. Copper
is replacing aluminum as the metal of choice in on-chip interconnection
because of its superior electrical conductivity. Since copper cannot
be dry-etched, a new process called the Damascene process is being
introduced where electroplating of copper in submicron trenches
and holes is followed by chemical-mechanical polishing. The use
of copper allows the development of faster chips and the dissipation
of less heat. We have developed an additive-free process for the
super-filling of copper in trenches and vias. We are also investigating
the scaling of roughness during copper electrodeposition and dissolution.
Porous Silicon. In addition, we also investigate
the formation of porous silicon by electrochemical dissolution.
Recently, it has been discovered that porous silicon layers exhibit
photoluminescence and electroluminescence in the visible range.
The expected compatibility of porous silicon with the silicon-dominated
microelectronics industry makes it a promising candidate as the
material of choice for optoelectronic devices and displays.
Reaction-Diffusion Ecosystems. My research in
theoretical biology stems from my interest in reaction-diffusion
systems. The modelling of prey-predator system, with diffusion,
can explain the formation of patterns between interacting populations.
Stability analysis and Liapunov functions are being used to predict
how interating populations maintain co-existence.
Recent Publications (2000-2008):
“Scaling of Cyclical Growth Processes,” Y. Shapir, S.
Raychaudhuri, D. G. Foster & J. Jorne, Phys. Rev. Lett., 84,
3029-3032 (2000).
"Electronic States and Iuminescence in Porous Silicon Quantum
Dots: The Role of Oxygen," M. Wolkin, J. Jorne, P.M. Fauchet,
G. Allan & C, Dekerue, Phys. Rev. Lett,. 82, 197-200 (1999).
“Immersion Plating of Copper on Porous Silicon in Various
Solutions,” Y.H. Ogata, J. Sasano, J. Jorne, T. Tsuboi, F.A.
Harraz & T. Sakka, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 182, 71—77 (2000).
“Copper Removal Processes for Microelectronics Applications”
R. Ahmed, B. Sopko & J. Jorne, Semiconductor Fabtech, 14, 209-218
(2001).
“Additive-Free Electroplating of Copper in High-Aspect-Ratio
Trenches,” J. Jorne & A. M. Tran, Proceedings of the International
Interconnect Technology Conference, p. 27-29, IEEE, San Francisco,
June 4-6, 2001.
“Roughness Scaling in Cyclical Surface Growth,” S. Raychaudhuri,
J. Jorne, D.G. Foster & Y. Shapir, Phys. Rev. E, 64, 051604
(2001).
“Scaling of Roughness in Silver Electrodeposition,”
D. G. Foster, Y. Shapir & J. Jorne, J. Electrochem. Soc., 150,
C375-380 (2003).
“Studies of Relative Humidity and Temperature on PEM Fuel
Cell using AC Impedance Spectroscopy,” J. Ram (MS Thesis),
University of Rochester (2004)
“Fuel Cell Electrode Morphology and Degradation Studies,”
J. Pisco (MS Thesis), H. Gasteiger & J. Jorne, University of
Rochester (2004).
“Transition in Surface Growth from Self-Affine to Mounds During
Copper Electrodeposition,” A. Osafo-Acquaah, Y. Shapir &
J. Jorne, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, C535-C539 (2006).
“The Effect of Rate of Surface Growth on Roughness Scaling,”
D. G. Foster, Y. Shapir & J. Jorne, J. Electrochem. Soc., 152(7),
C462-C465 (2005).
“Effect of Relative Humidity on Oxygen Reduction Kinetics
in a PEMFC,” K.C. Neyrlin, H. A. Gasteiger, C.K. Mittlesteadt,
J. Jorne and W. Gu, J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, A1073-A1080 (2005).
“Determination of Catalyst Unique Parameters for the Oxygen
Reduction Reaction in a PEMFC,” K.C. Neyerlin, W. Gu, J. Jorne
and H.A. Gasteiger, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, A1955-A1963 (2006).
“Freezing Effects in PEM Fuel cell: Proton Transport at Low
Temperatures in Nafion Membranes Using DC Conductivity and Differential
Scanning Calorimetry,” E.L. Thompson, W. Capehart, T. Fuller
and J. Jorne, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, A2351-A2362 (2006).
“Cathodic Electrophoretic Deposition of Ceramic Nano-Particle
Manganese Zinc Fedrrite,” C. Washburn, J. Jorne & S. Kurinec,
Key Eng. Materials, 314, 127-132 (2006).
“Transfer Number Approaching Unity in Nanocomposite Electrolytes,”
J. Jorne, Nano Letters, 6(12), 2973-2976 (2006).
“Investigation of Low-Temperature Proton Transport in Nafion
using DC Conductivity and Differential Scanning Calorimetry, E.
L. Thompson, T. W. Capehart, T. J. Fuller & J. Jorne, J. Electrochem.
Soc., 153, A2351 (2006).
“Cathode Catalyst Utilization for the ORR in PEM Fuel Cell:
Analytical Model and Experimental Validation.” K.C. Neyerlin,
W. Gu, J. Jorne, A. Clark, Jr. and H.A. Gasteiger, J. Electrochem.
Soc., 154, B279-B287 (2007).
“Study of the Exchange Current Density for the Hydrogen Oxidation
and Evolution Reactions.” K. C. Neyelin, W. Gu, J. Jorne &
H. A. Gasteiger, J. Electrochem. Soc., 154(7) B631-B635 (2007).
“Oxygen Reduction Reaction Kinetics in Subfreezing PEM Fuel
Cells.“ E. L. Thompson, J. Jorne & H. H. Gasteiger, J.
Electrochem. Soc., 154(8), B783-B792 (2007).
“Give the Tree Coppers More Profitable Jobs than Logging.”
Jacob Jorne, letters, Financial Times, December 31, 2007.
“Isotropic Effect of Fluid Flow on Scaling of Surface Roughness
during Copper Electrodeposition.” A. Osafo-Acquaah, D. G.
Foster & J. Jorne, J. Electrochem. Soc., 155(4), D270-D277 (2008).
“Reversibility in Cyclical Growth and Atrophy of Fractals,”
J. Jorne & S.-W. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. In preparation (2008).
“PEM Fuel Cell Operation at -20 0C (Part I): Effecs of current
Density and Initial Water Content on Charge (ice) Storage.”
E. L. Thompson, J. Jorne, W. Gu & H. A. Gasteiger, J. Electrochem.
Soc., in press (2008).
“Sub-Freezing PEM Fuel Cells (Part II): Ice Formation Dynamics,
Current Distribution and Voltage Losses within Electrodes.”
E. L. Thompson, J. Jorne, W. Gu & H. A. Gasteiger, J. Electrochem.
Soc. in press (2008).
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